Sonata Movement in C minor from the F.A.E. Sonata for Violin & Piano

Sonata Movement in C minor from the F.A.E. Sonata for Violin & Piano
The year 1853 was of great importance to Johannes Brahms, on a personal and also on a professional level, for it was then that he first met Joseph Joachim and Robert and Clara Schumann. All three, in their various ways, were to exercise an enormous influence on his life.

During that same year, Robert Schumann, his composition student Albert Dietrich as well as Brahms decided to compose a violin sonata as a joint venture and as a surprise gift for Joachim. Dietrich composed the first movement, Schumann the second and Brahms the third. The front page of the manuscript score was inscribed by Schumann with the title F.A.E., standing for Joachim's motto „Frei aber Einsam“ (free but lonely). Brahms seems not to have considered publishing his Allegro movement, and had the autograph remained in his possession he would doubtlessly have destroyed it, like many other compositions. Finally, in 1906, Joachim allowed the Deutsche Brahms-Gesellschaft to publish the work.

An important part of this edition is the extensive preface. Firstly it informs about the works' origins, its compositional process, pre-publication performances, its publication history as well as early reception. Truly remarkable is the unique Performance Practice Commentary. Here the editors take the premise that already a few decades after Brahms' death a widening gulf developed between the composer's expectations and the performance practices of the early 20th century. In a very concrete and practical way, the editors summarize some of the key issues in understanding Brahms' notation with regard to rhythm and timing, dynamics and accentuation, dots and strokes, slurring and non legato, piano pedalling and overholding, piano arpeggiation and dislocation, string instrument fingering, string instrument harmonics and vibrato. In this way, the edition offers an exciting and often surprising insight in Romantic musical interpretation.

The New Urtext Editions

Bärenreiter's pioneering new scholarly-critical editions of Brahms' works for one instrument and piano are edited by a team of musicologists who are also performers. They offer today's musicians not just a reliable musical text based on all known sources, but also a comprehensive approach to the works, which aims to place them in their historical context and to elucidate the complex of meanings that the composer wished his notation to convey to performers.

In addition to the musical text, these editions offer an informative introduction laying out the genesis, publication history, and reception of the works. At the same time there is a complete list of the sources, an explanation of the editorial procedures and a Critical Commentary. Each volume also contains a detailed discussion of specific performance practice issues raised by individual works.

An integral part of Bärenreiter's Brahms publication complex is a text booklet which approaches general performance practice issues of the 19th century with regard to e.g. tempo, rubato, rhythmic flexibility and articulation. Furthermore, musicians will find valuable information concerning vibrato, portamento and bowing. Last but not least, characteristics of Brahms' own piano playing as well as that of his circle and contemporaries are discussed.

The violin sonata editions come not only with an Urtext part freed from all editorial emendations, but also with an additional part including fingering and bowing based on the practices of Joseph Joachim and his colleagues. These markings especially draw on the publications of the sonatas edited by Joachim's pupils Leopold Auer and Ossip Schnirlin as well as those by Brahms' associate Franz Kneisel.

Preface
Performance Practice Commentary
Vorwort
Hinweise zur Aufführungspraxis
Brahms, Johannes - Sonata Movement for Violin and Piano C minor WoO 2 from the F.A.E. Sonata
Critical Report